Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complex syndrome characterized by acute deterioration of liver function in patients with chronic liver disease, accompanied by high mortality rates due to liver and extrahepatic organ failure. The short-term mortality rate of medical comprehensive treatment for ACLF can reach 50% to 90%. Given the high mortality and complex pathogenesis, research and treatment strategies for ACLF are particularly important. At the 2024 European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Annual Meeting, Professor Hai Li from Renji Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, provided insightful commentary on three significant research findings in the ACLF field. These studies delve into the roles and effects of immunosuppression and microbiome variations in acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis and ACLF, offering new perspectives for understanding the complex mechanisms of liver disease progression and potential targets for developing new ACLF treatment strategies.

Traditionally, radiation dosage for yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microsphere radiation segmentectomy (RS) was determined using body surface area or partition models, which often resulted in lower prescription activities. Recent studies have used the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry (MIRD) formula to determine radiation doses, providing higher tumor absorption doses. A recent retrospective study published in Radiology by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving 90Y resin microsphere RS achieved high tumor absorption doses and sustained tumor remission with good safety profiles. International Hepatology invited Professor Lin Zhang from the Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Interventional Center to introduce and comment on this study.