The 2026 Congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) presented several advances in prostate cancer research, covering perioperative treatment for high-risk localized disease, long-term follow-up in metastatic disease, and the exploration of novel agents with new mechanisms of action. As treatment options continue to expand, understanding the evidence generated at different disease stages and using it to guide comprehensive treatment planning have become important clinical priorities.

At the 2026 Congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), a biomarker analysis of the Chinese cohort from TALAPRO-2 was presented as a poster. Understanding the differences in radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) between the Chinese cohort and the global population, and translating molecular testing results into treatment decisions, are important issues in the individualized management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

The 2026 Congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) was held in Madrid, Spain. As one of the most influential academic events in global oncology, the congress brought together cutting-edge cancer research from around the world. Several clinical studies from China were selected for presentation, sharing the country's clinical explorations and insights with the international oncology community. Significant unmet clinical needs remain in the later-line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and real-world studies can provide valuable evidence to inform clinical practice. At this year's congress, a real-world study conducted by Professor Zhongguo Zhou's team at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center was selected for poster presentation. To discuss the rationale behind the study, its clinical implications, and future research directions, Oncology Frontier invited Professor Zhou for an interview to share insights into this investigation of combination therapy for later-line HCC.

At the 2026 ESMO Congress, Academician Xu Binghe’s team from the National Cancer Center/National Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, achieved a historic milestone in Chinese breast cancer research: three original Phase III studies were selected for Late-Breaking Abstract (LBA) oral presentations at the congress and published simultaneously in three leading medical journals—JAMA, The Lancet, and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). The three studies were HORIZON-Breast06 (trastuzumab rezetecan, HER2-low advanced breast cancer), PANKU-Breast01 (iza-bren, HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer), and HEALER (anetumab combined with albumin-bound docetaxel as first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer). All three achieved their anticipated positive results and have the potential to establish new treatment standards in their respective breast cancer subtypes. The simultaneous selection of three studies from the same research team for ESMO LBA presentations, alongside publication in three leading medical journals, is unprecedented in the field of breast cancer in China and rare internationally. This achievement marks China's growing emergence as a global leader in the development of innovative breast cancer therapies.

The 2026 Congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) was held in Madrid, Spain, from October 23 to 27. As one of the world's most important annual meetings in clinical oncology, ESMO presents major research advances across multiple fields each year, including gynecologic oncology. PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy has significantly improved outcomes in patients with BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. In clinical practice, however, eligibility for treatment is commonly determined using a binary classification based on the presence or absence of pathogenic BRCA mutations.

Ovarian cancer is often referred to as the "king of gynecologic cancers." Platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PROC) remains a major clinical challenge. Once platinum resistance develops, conventional single-agent chemotherapy offers low response rates and poor prognosis, leaving patients with limited treatment options. In recent years, the emergence of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and targeted small-molecule agents has begun to reshape the treatment landscape of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

From October 23 to 27, 2026, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress was held in Madrid, Spain. At this year's congress, numerous studies from China were selected for oral presentations, posters, and e-posters, demonstrating the growing presence of Chinese oncology research on the international stage. Although a wide range of treatment options is available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), long-term survival data comparing different treatment strategies in real-world settings remain limited. A real-world study conducted by Professor Jing Feng's team at Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital was selected for e-poster presentation at this year's ESMO Congress. Addressing practical challenges in HCC diagnosis and treatment, the study used a large cohort with long-term follow-up to investigate key factors affecting patient survival, offering new insights into clinical risk stratification and individualized treatment.

For many years, trastuzumab combined with pertuzumab and a taxane (the THP regimen) has been the standard first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. However, approximately half of patients experience disease progression within two years, highlighting the urgent need for more effective treatment options.