Recently, the Beijing Academic Exchange Conference for Young Physicians in Urologic Oncology was successfully held in Beijing. The meeting focused on the latest frontiers in urologic oncology and brought together many leading mid-career and young experts from across China, aiming to elevate clinical practice through intellectual exchange.

In the global field of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, the synergistic use of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has led to breakthrough progress, significantly prolonging survival for patients with advanced disease and bringing renewed hope to countless individuals. Yet medical progress never stands still. How to further transcend existing treatment paradigms and unlock deeper survival benefits remains a persistent goal for clinicians worldwide.

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system is the cornerstone framework guiding treatment decisions for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its fundamental role lies in stratifying patients according to three key prognostic determinants—tumor burden, liver function, and performance status—thereby aligning prognosis assessment with evidence-based treatment recommendations for each disease stage.

The combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (the “T+A” regimen) has established a new standard of care for first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the lack of long-term survival data and uncertainties regarding its effectiveness in complex real-world populations have remained major clinical concerns.

Patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were among the earliest beneficiaries of precision targeted therapy. However, once tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance develops and disease progression occurs, the choice of subsequent therapy has long posed a major challenge for clinicians worldwide. The emergence of innovative treatments such as antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) has brought new hope for overcoming this long-standing dilemma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Approximately 60–70% of patients are diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages, making the pursuit of innovative therapeutic strategies that deliver meaningful survival benefit a long-standing global challenge. Against this backdrop, the TALENTOP study, led by Fan Jia, Academician and Principal Investigator from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and presented orally at ESMO 2025 by Sun Huichuan, has drawn worldwide attention.

The Phase III BURAN trial, presented at the recent ESMO Congress, evaluated the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib plus paclitaxel in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) who had progressed after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. The study failed to demonstrate improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) compared with paclitaxel alone (median PFS: 4.1 months in both arms; median OS: 9.6 vs 9.7 months), despite a higher objective response rate (ORR) with the combination (30.3% vs 20.7%).

With the rapid evolution of immunotherapy–targeted therapy combinations, the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has entered a new era. Yet for patients with traditionally high-risk features—such as macrovascular invasion or extrahepatic spread—clinical outcomes have historically remained poor, posing a persistent therapeutic challenge.

For patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) at high postoperative risk, the standard of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has remained unchanged since 2004—despite persistent rates of recurrence and metastasis. Recently, the NIVOPOST-OP trial, led by Yungang Tao of Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, was published in The Lancet, delivering the first definitive breakthrough in nearly 20 years.