Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by accelerated platelet destruction and impaired platelet production due to antibody-mediated mechanisms. Current first-line therapies for ITP include glucocorticoids and immunoglobulins, while second-line options often involve thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), CD20 monoclonal antibodies, and splenectomy. The introduction of CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy over the past decade has transformed ITP treatment. However, heterogeneity in treatment response and duration leaves a subset of patients at risk of severe bleeding, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Following the success of CD20 antibodies, researchers have been exploring other potent therapeutic targets to address these unmet needs.
