ESMO Global Perspective | Professor Arndt Vogel: From First-Line Advanced Disease to the Perioperative Setting—How Immunotherapy Combinations Are Redefining Hepatocellular Carcinoma Care
With the rapid evolution of immunotherapy–targeted therapy combinations, the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has entered a new era. Yet for patients with traditionally high-risk features—such as macrovascular invasion or extrahepatic spread—clinical outcomes have historically remained poor, posing a persistent therapeutic challenge.

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