Hospital-acquired infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) are a growing concern in intensive care units (ICUs) across Italy. A recent multicenter study sheds light on the alarming incidence of these infections, revealing that 3.57 and 1.74 cases occur per 1,000 patient days for CRE and CRPA, respectively.

The rise of antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to pose a significant public health challenge globally. A recent study by dedicated researchers, published in PLOS Pathogens, sheds light on the critical role of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) occupancy and efflux mechanisms in influencing β-lactam efficacy against clinical isolates.

A new systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis, published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, provides the largest dataset to date on children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis globally. Analyzing data from over 23,000 individuals across 42 studies, the research sheds light on critical factors influencing treatment outcomes in this vulnerable population.

In a thought-provoking review published in the Annual Review of Virology, Patrick S. Moore and Yuan Chang explore the intriguing question: Are there more human cancer viruses yet to be discovered? Despite the identification of seven known human cancer viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), the possibility of undiscovered viruses remains open.

A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens explores the mechanisms behind the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant's ability to enter human cells and evade neutralizing antibodies. Researchers identified a key mutation, H655Y, in the spike (S) protein, which significantly alters the virus’s cell entry process and its susceptibility to antibody neutralization.

A recent phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial explored the potential of inulin, a prebiotic fiber, to prevent gut pathogen colonization and infection in patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis. Despite its promising role in preclinical studies, inulin did not significantly alter the gut microbiome or improve clinical outcomes in this high-risk population.

A recent secondary analysis of the ARISE and ProCESS trials offers valuable insights into the varying effectiveness of Early Goal-Directed Therapy (EGDT) in patients with septic shock. Despite previous randomized controlled trials showing mixed results, this study highlights significant heterogeneity in treatment responses, suggesting that EGDT may benefit some patients while potentially causing harm to others.

With norovirus cases surging across the U.S. this winter, it seems like everyone knows someone who’s been affected. This highly contagious virus is notorious for causing acute gastroenteritis, but there’s much more to it than just a rough couple of days.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne virus endemic to Africa and the Middle East, poses significant health risks due to its potential to cause severe encephalitis. In this review, Lindsay R. Wilson and Anita K. McElroy from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine shed light on the viral and host factors influencing RVFV encephalitis. They explore the role of host genetics, immune responses, and the mechanisms of central nervous system invasion.

A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens delves into the intricate mechanisms of protein homeostasis in Candida glabrata, an opportunistic human pathogen known for its resistance to standard antifungal treatments. The research, led by Dipika Gupta, Renu Shukla, and Krishnaveni Mishra from the University of Hyderabad, highlights the critical role of SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs) in regulating protein stability within the pathogen.