In recent years, some immunotherapy approaches for renal cancer have faced setbacks, failing to meet primary endpoints. However, with ongoing advancements in targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other treatment modalities, significant progress has been made in managing advanced renal cancer. Notably, the success of multiple large-scale Phase III trials on targeted and immunotherapy combinations has marked the beginning of a new era in first-line treatment for advanced renal cancer. In 2024, several major breakthroughs were achieved. To provide deeper insights, Oncology Frontier invited Xinan Sheng, professor at Peking University Cancer Hospital, to summarize the key research developments that may serve as valuable references for future renal cancer treatment and research.