At the recently held International Congress of Hematology, treatment advances in the field of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) have garnered significant attention. As a classic subtype of MPN, Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) has seen no substantial breakthroughs in its treatment over the past two decades. In a Plenary Presentation, Professor Harry Gill of the University of Hong Kong's School of Clinical Medicine, on behalf of collaborators from 59 research centers worldwide, announced the top-line data from the Phase III SURPASS-ET clinical study. The study confirms that the novel long-acting interferon, Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (hereinafter referred to as Ropeginterferon), is comprehensively superior to the conventional drug anagrelide in both efficacy and safety as a second-line therapy, bringing new hope to patients with high-risk ET.