From September 13th to 17th, the 2024 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Annual Meeting was held in Barcelona, Spain. As one of the top international conferences in the oncology field, it brought together experts and scholars from around the world to share cutting-edge research findings and discuss future development directions. At this year's conference, a study led by Dr. Peng Liu's team from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, was selected for a Mini Oral presentation, which was delivered on-site by Dr. Jiadai Xu. The study explored a chemotherapy-free first-line treatment approach for marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), with preliminary results proving promising. Hematology Frontier invited Dr. Xu for an in-depth discussion on the study and her expectations for the future of this treatment approach and research plans.