Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal disorders originating from hematopoietic stem cells, characterized by dysplastic development of myeloid cells, manifested as ineffective hematopoiesis, refractory cytopenia, and the potential to transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). At the 2024 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting held in San Diego, USA from December 7th to 10th, numerous studies in the field of MDS were announced, with significant progress particularly in the treatment and prognosis assessment of low-risk MDS. "Hematology Frontier" specially invited Dr. Huaquan Wang from the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, to select and comment on the key studies, in hopes of bringing cutting-edge information and unique insights to everyone.