In recent years, immunotherapy drugs, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, have gradually expanded from being used in later-line treatments to frontline therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Perioperative immunotherapy has become a major focus in the field, with numerous breakthroughs reshaping the treatment landscape for operable NSCLC patients. However, challenges remain in patient selection, treatment regimens, and comprehensive perioperative management. As the year comes to an end, Oncology Frontier invited Dr. Changli Wang from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital to review the progress and discuss the future prospects of perioperative immunotherapy for NSCLC in 2024.