
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a primary treatment for malignant blood diseases, with its numbers increasing annually. China is a region with moderate prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), with approximately 5% to 6% of the population carrying hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and an annual incidence rate of about 1%. Patients positive for HBsAg or with past HBV infection are at risk of HBV reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy, chemotherapy, or monoclonal antibody-targeted therapy, with a higher risk during allo-HSCT. However, there is currently a lack of standardized clinical consensus or guidelines for the prevention and treatment of HBV reactivation after allo-HSCT in China. To address this, the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Application Group of the Hematology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association formulated and released the "Chinese Expert Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2023 Edition)." At the recently concluded 13th National Congress of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation of the Chinese Medical Association, Professor Yi Luo from the , as the principal expert of the consensus, provided an interpretation of the consensus, aiming to provide clinical guidance for hematologists, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation sub-specialists, and related physicians.