Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a hepatotropic DNA virus, is the causative agent of hepatitis B. HBV-infected individuals have three types of particles in their blood: Dane particles, spherical particles, and tubular particles. The characteristics of these particles can be used to detect evidence of HBV infection through immunological methods. Recently, at the 17th National Conference on Clinical Hepatology, Professor Ailong Huang, President of Chongqing Medical University, delivered a report titled "Mechanisms of Persistent HBV Infection." This report provides an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms behind persistent HBV infection, revealing the relationship between abnormal host immune responses and viral evasion of host antiviral effects, offering new perspectives for understanding HBV persistence and developing treatment strategies.