Infectious Disease Frontier Archives - Page 34 of 35

IAS 2023 | Short-course tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment does not affect the virologic efficacy of INSTIs in treating HIV

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.22

People Living With HIV (PLWH) are at high risk of active tuberculosis (TB). Guidelines both domestically and internationally suggest that PLWH with positive latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and those with a history of close contact with active TB should receive TB preventive treatment. However, commonly used preventive treatment regimens such as rifampin and rifapentine have potential drug interactions with HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). A multi-center retrospective study from Taiwan, China, presented at the 12th International AIDS Society HIV Science Conference (IAS 2023) showed that ART based on integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) combined with rifapentine-based short-course TB preventive treatment does not affect the patient's sustained HIV virologic suppression rate.

IAS 2023 | South African study indicates that HIV male patients have a greater likelihood of achieving virological remission than females.

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.22

In the recent 12th International AIDS Society (IAS) HIV Science Conference (IAS 2023), a research study from South Africa found that, despite seldom adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), 5 male children who were born with HIV still maintained undetectable viral loads. Researchers believe that due to innate immunological gender differences, boys might have a better chance of achieving sustained virological remission than girls.

IAS 2023 | What are the sequelae of MPOX? Does HIV increase the risk of hospitalization due to MPOX?

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.22

The 12th International AIDS Association HIV Science Conference (IAS 2023) was held in Brisbane, Australia from July 23 to 26, 2023. In the oral reports of the conference, experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that global monitoring data for MPOX in 2022 showed that half of the patients with MPOX were HIV carriers. However, HIV is not a risk factor for increased hospitalization due to MPOX. Another study based on interviews with MPOX patients in Australia indicated that most patients had negative experiences with the disease and sequelae related to MPOX.

Dr. Deborah Donnell: A new long-acting PrEP regimen holds promise to transform the landscape of HIV prevention.

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.22

In 2021, the United Nations set forth the goal of "ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030". To achieve this, not only must countries strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infections, but they also need to prioritize prevention to minimize the emergence of new infections. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) long-acting regimens have become a recent focal point in HIV prevention. At the recently held 12th International AIDS Society HIV Science Conference (IAS 2023), there were several keynote lectures on the topic of long-acting PrEP.

Dr. Ana Hoxha: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of MPXV and HIV co-infected patients

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.22

In 2022, about 70 countries/regions around the world reported cases of MPOX. These countries/regions usually have no prior history of MPXV infections, and previous sustained human-to-human transmissions of MPXV were mainly observed in Africa. At the recent 12th International AIDS Society HIV Science Conference (IAS 2023), Dr. Ana Hoxha from the World Health Organization (WHO) presented a special report titled "HIV among MPOX cases: clinical characteristics and outcomes in the WHO global surveillance 2022".

Dr. Xiaoting Hua: Groundbreaking Findings on Cefiderocol Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii 丨ECCMID 2023

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.12

At the 33rd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2023) held in Copenhagen, Dr. Xiaoting Hua of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine unveiled significant findings. His research focused on mutations that mediate Acinetobacter baumannii's resistance and virulence to a new antibiotic, Cefiderocol.

Dr. Yimin Wang: Advances in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Research丨ECCMID 2023

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.12

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) continues to be a critical concern in intensive care units, leading to prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality rates. The European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) 2023 unveiled crucial research findings shedding light on innovative approaches to VAP diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we present a synthesis of the key discoveries from ECCMID 2023, offering insights into the evolving landscape of VAP research.

Interview with Chao Zhuo at ECCMID 2023

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.12

The 33rd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, from April 15th to 18th, 2023. As one of the most significant conferences in the field of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases, it marked a significant gathering after a three-year hiatus due to the pandemic. Chinese experts, including Dr. Chao Zhuo from The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, were present to share their insights.

Dr. Graham Taylor: Understanding and Combatting HTLV-1丨ECCMID 2023

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.12

HTLV-1, a retrovirus closely associated with certain forms of cancer, remains a lesser-known but significant global health concern. Despite its considerable impact on populations around the world, there is a lack of attention and understanding regarding this infection. This article sheds light on the challenges posed by HTLV-1 and emphasizes the need for increased awareness, research, and interventions.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: The Joint Efforts of CLSI and EUCAST丨ECCMID 2023

By Peter W. PENG 2023.10.12

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is pivotal in both individualized and empirical treatments. Notably, standards set for interpreting AST results enable clinicians to choose suitable medications and optimal treatment plans, acting as a significant tool in controlling antimicrobial resistance. The most influential bodies in this space are the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) of the United States and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). These entities aim to standardize AST procedures and reduce experimental errors.