Infectious Disease Frontier

The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a concise report highlighting a concerning trend in HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) era. The report notes the high efficacy of dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in suppressing viral loads, exceeding 90%. However, it warns that HIVDR to DTG is emerging at higher rates than clinical trials predicted, with resistance levels ranging from 3.9% to 19.6% among surveyed populations.

Over the years, enormous progress has been made in the fight against HIV and co-infections. Both academia and industry have contributed greatly to equipping the medical community with the best medications and expertise possible to optimally treat people living with HIV. However, international platforms for scientific interchange are not always accessible to medical professionals worldwide due to budget and travel restrictions. Also, most major conferences do not usually address local and regional issues. In particular, the Asian medical community in this field of research currently has very few platforms that serve the needs of HIV healthcare professionals in this region.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged as a significant challenge in nosocomial infections, with its resistance escalating, drawing global attention. At the 34th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID Global 2024), a study by Professor Yunsong Yu's team from the Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital presented the latest findings on the genomic epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of CRKP (Abstract No: P1673). The study indicates that ST20 CRKP carrying multiple resistance genes poses a threat to the effectiveness of novel enzyme inhibitor combination therapy, highlighting its significance in clinical anti-infective treatment and antimicrobial management strategies.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has emerged as a significant global public health threat. In recent years, there has been increasing attention on ertapenem monotherapy-resistant CRE strains, making it a hot topic in the field. At the 34th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID Global 2024), a study (abstract number: P1469) by Professor Yunsong Yu's team at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital reported on the molecular epidemiological characteristics of ertapenem monotherapy-resistant CRE. The study found that strains producing carbapenemase can still grow in high concentrations of meropenem, suggesting that monotherapy treatment may fail.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged as a significant challenge in nosocomial infections, with its resistance escalating, drawing global attention. At the 34th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID Global 2024), a study by Professor Yunsong Yu's team from the Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine presented the latest findings on the genomic epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of CRKP (Abstract No: P1673). The study indicates that ST20 CRKP carrying multiple resistance genes poses a threat to the effectiveness of novel enzyme inhibitor combination therapy, highlighting its significance in clinical anti-infective treatment and antimicrobial management strategies.

As the global issue of antimicrobial resistance intensifies, newly emerging resistant bacterial strains pose a significant threat to public health. At the 34th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID Global 2024), a study by Professor Ning Shen's team from Peking University Third Hospital (Abstract No.: E0451) focused on the resistance issues of cefiderocol, a drug not yet marketed in China. The study identified that cefiderocol can induce resistance and amplification of the blaSHV-12 gene in vitro. Long-read sequencing technology demonstrated its potential for rapid and accurate detection of resistance gene amplification, offering a new tool for future resistance research.

Despite ongoing developments in antimicrobial drugs and vaccines, the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and viral encephalitis remains challenging due to their varied clinical presentations and is closely associated with high mortality rates. Traditional diagnostic methods have limitations, such as low positivity rates and lengthy processing times for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures, making early clinical diagnosis and treatment particularly difficult, especially in pediatric patients. At the 34th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID Global 2024), a study by Professor Qing Cao's team from Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Professor Gang Liu's team from Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, and Professor Haiyin Wang's team from Shanghai Municipal Health and Health Development Center was selected for an e-poster presentation. This study assessed the impact of the FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel (FA-ME) on clinical outcomes and healthcare economics for pediatric patients.