Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a cornerstone therapy for hematologic diseases. However, despite its curative potential, many clinical challenges persist. To promote academic exchange and practical innovation in the field of transplantation, Hematology Frontier launched the “Transplantation Pathways Spotlight” during the 51st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT 2025). This column invites renowned transplantation teams from China and abroad to focus on full-cycle transplant care—from precise pre-transplant assessment to long-term post-transplant recovery—building a comprehensive, integrated transplant management framework.At this year’s Annual Meeting, Prof. He Huang and his team from The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine presented an impressive 27 studies, including 10 oral presentations and 17 posters.The team’s work underscores China’s growing innovation and leadership in the global hematologic malignancy landscape. In this issue, Prof. Huang offers an in-depth overview of key advances across transplantation, CAR-T therapy, and supportive care, while highlighting the challenges and strategies that have shaped their approach. This first article presents the team’s latest innovations and clinical experience in transplant strategy—offering valuable insights for colleagues worldwide.
Hematology Frontier: Your team had 27 studies accepted at EBMT 2025, including several related to innovations in transplant strategy such as OS5-05 and OS13-03, which covered donor selection, conditioning regimens, complication management, and full-cycle transplant care. What do you see as the key challenges currently facing the transplant field in China, and what novel solutions or optimization strategies has your team developed in response?
Prof. He Huang: At the EBMT 2025 meeting held in Florence, Italy, our team presented a total of 27 research contributions—10 oral presentations and 17 posters. Among them, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a central topic as the only curative approach for many high-risk hematologic malignancies. However, several persistent challenges remain, including optimizing donor selection, managing post-transplant complications, controlling treatment-related toxicity, and improving long-term survival outcomes.
In the area of donor selection, our previous studies confirmed that in haploidentical HSCT (haplo-HSCT), outcomes using related or unrelated mismatched donors are comparable to those of unrelated or matched sibling donors. At this year’s Annual Meeting, we further analyzed data from the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party (ALWP), comparing outcomes of three donor types in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing HSCT in second complete remission (CR2): haploidentical donors with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (HAPLO-PTCy), matched sibling donors (MSD), and 10/10 matched unrelated donors (MUD). The results showed that HAPLO-PTCy was associated with lower relapse incidence (RI) and reduced risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) compared to MUD, resulting in improved GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS).
When comparing global strategies, we found that PTCy-based approaches show similar efficacy to China’s traditional ATG-based protocols, further supporting the transition of haplo-HSCT into a mainstream method internationally. Notably, Chinese experts are now leading the field of haploidentical transplantation worldwide. The sustained growth in transplant volumes and improving long-term survival data are strong indicators of China’s technical advancement and academic influence in this area.
On the level of full-cycle transplant management, we also presented novel applications of targeted therapies for GVHD prevention and relapse control, as well as personalized nursing strategies designed to improve quality of life post-transplant. These advances are gradually forming an integrated management framework—from donor selection to post-transplant rehabilitation—providing robust support to enhance transplantation outcomes.
Coming Soon | Transplantation Spotlight: Two-Part Series on AML
In the upcoming issues of the Transplantation Pathways Spotlight, we will present a two-part series dedicated to the latest advances in allogeneic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This special feature will bring together leading experts and researchers to analyze and interpret key findings from EBMT 2025.
Featured Experts and Topics Include:
- Dr. Limengmeng Wang (OS3-06): LDHB as a Therapeutic Target to Overcome Selinexor Resistance in AML This study identifies lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) as a novel target to reverse drug resistance in AML patients treated with selinexor.
- Dr. Yishan Ye (OS5-05): Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide in CR2 AML: A Superior GRFS Outcome Compared to Matched Unrelated Donors Based on data from the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party (ALWP), this study compares transplant outcomes in AML patients in second complete remission (CR2), favoring the HAPLO-PTCy approach.
- Prof. Jimin Shi (A039): Benefits of Haploidentical HSCT Over Chemotherapy in Elderly AML Patients in First Remission: A Time-Dependent Analysis This work presents a time-adjusted comparison demonstrating the survival advantage of haplo-HSCT in elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML.
- Prof. Weiyan Zheng (A138): Sequential Microtransplantation Using Decitabine Plus Venetoclax in Elderly AML Patients A novel low-intensity, sequential approach combining hypomethylating agents and microtransplantation to improve outcomes in older AML patients.
- Prof. Yi Luo (B126): The VFM Conditioning Regimen in Patients Over 50 with AML: Low GVHD Incidence and Favorable Efficacy This study evaluates the VFM regimen (venetoclax, fludarabine, melphalan) in older AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT, reporting promising safety and efficacy.
- Dr. Shixuan Zhang (B217): Real-World, Multicenter Experience with Allo-HSCT in AML with NUP98 Rearrangement This study shares real-world outcomes from multiple centers on the use of allo-HSCT in this rare but high-risk AML subtype.
- Dr. Mengbao Du (B265): Targeting KAT6A to Overcome Resistance to IDH Inhibitors in AML An innovative strategy that explores KAT6A inhibition as a means to restore sensitivity in AML patients resistant to IDH-targeted therapies.
- Dr. Yishan Ye (B280): Haploidentical HSCT Outperforms Chemotherapy in AML Patients Aged 55 and Older A clinical study demonstrating the superior outcomes of haplo-HSCT over standard chemotherapy in older AML patients.
We invite you to stay tuned for this comprehensive exploration of emerging AML transplant strategies, challenges, and breakthroughs—designed to support clinicians and researchers in advancing care for patients with high-risk AML.
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Hematology Frontier: Your team presented several notable CAR-T studies at EBMT 2025, ranging from the use of quinolone-based combination strategies to the development of prognostic systems, transplant synergy models, and dual-target CAR designs. In light of global challenges in CAR-T therapy—such as T-cell exhaustion, limited efficacy in solid tumors, and high cost—how do these innovations impact the clinical potential of CAR-T therapy? Looking ahead, how does your team plan to further expand the boundaries of CAR-T applications based on your current findings?
Prof. He Huang: As a cutting-edge technology in cellular therapy, CAR-T therapy utilizes genetically engineered immune cells to achieve highly specific and targeted tumor cell killing. It represents a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. Notably, China is now at the forefront of global CAR-T research, with significant achievements in functional enhancement, novel target development, and universal CAR-T technologies.
Our team is currently conducting systematic research in three major areas:
First, we are focused on optimizing CAR-T efficacy in advanced hematologic malignancies. While commercial CAR-T products have demonstrated strong clinical benefits, challenges such as T-cell exhaustion and antigen escape remain. At this year’s meeting, we presented strategies aimed at enhancing CAR-T antitumor function by regulating mitochondrial activity and reducing exhaustion via modulation of key signaling molecules. These approaches are designed to improve therapeutic outcomes in advanced-stage blood cancers and deliver better survival benefits for patients.
Second, we are advancing universal CAR-T technology, which offers simplified manufacturing and reduced costs, making it a promising platform for broader clinical use. This year, we showcased new data from our ongoing research on universal CAR-T products.
Third, we are exploring the integration of CAR-T with other therapeutic modalities, especially in sequential treatment models with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). For instance, in our CD19 CAR-T bridging-to-transplant model, 5-year follow-up data show a long-term survival rate exceeding 60%. Moreover, we developed an integrated CD7 CAR-T and HSCT protocol, which was published last year in the New England Journal of Medicine and received high recognition from international peers. This combined strategy was also featured at this year’s EBMT meeting.
Beyond oncology, our team is actively investigating CAR-T applications in non-malignant hematologic and autoimmune diseases. Looking to the future, we believe that cellular immunotherapy and HSCT will become deeply integrated, forming a comprehensive precision treatment framework and offering innovative solutions for a broader range of patients.
Coming Soon | CAR-T Spotlight: Breakthroughs in Cellular Therapy
In the upcoming CAR-T special feature, we will be joined by a group of distinguished experts to share cutting-edge advances in cellular immunotherapy. This series will highlight major breakthroughs across autoimmune diseases, hematologic malignancies, and precision biomarkers.
Featured Topics and Speakers Include:
- Dr. Jingjing Feng (OS12-02): Dual-Target CD19/BCMA CAR-T Cell Infusion Eliminates Autoantibody-Producing Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Phase I Clinical Trial This pioneering study investigates the potential of dual-target CAR-T therapy to eliminate autoreactive cells in SLE, expanding CAR-T application beyond oncology.
- Dr. Houli Zhao (OS13-03): Long-Term Follow-Up of Sequential Haploidentical HSCT After CAR-T Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Multicenter Retrospective Study This study provides important real-world data on bridging CAR-T with transplantation in high-risk ALL patients.
- Dr. Xia Li (OS14-04): Longitudinal Multi-Omics Single-Cell Profiling of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Anti-BCMA CAR-T Cells A deep dive into the immunological dynamics of CRS following CAR-T therapy using multi-omics single-cell analysis.
- Dr. Shan Fu (OS17-08): Autologous CD7 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed or Refractory T-Cell Lymphoma Exploring a novel therapeutic approach for T-cell malignancies using CD7-targeted CAR-T cells.
- Dr. Qiqi Zhang (A074): Enhancement of CAR-T Antitumor Efficacy by Quinolone-Based Agents Investigating pharmacological strategies to boost CAR-T performance using repurposed small-molecule compounds.
- Dr. Longyuan Wu (A092): Prognostic Value of CD62L+ and CD4/CD8 Ratios in BCMA-CAR-T Products for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Identifying predictive cellular biomarkers to guide patient selection and response monitoring.
- Dr. Houli Zhao (A099): Exploratory Study of Dual-Target BCMA/CD19 CAR-T Therapy in Acute Leukemia Patients with Anti-HLA Antibody Sensitization A novel strategy for overcoming allo-sensitization barriers in CAR-T therapy using dual-target constructs.
Stay tuned for this exciting series as we explore the next frontier in CAR-T cell therapy, bringing new hope to patients across disease spectrums through scientific innovation and clinical integration.
Hematology Frontier: The Zhejiang team has developed a comprehensive support system for transplant patients—ranging from exercise interventions and mobile technology to complication management. How does your team integrate multidisciplinary collaboration across the full transplant cycle? What specific role does the nursing team play in this system? And what is the broader significance of this integrated management model in improving transplant outcomes, accelerating recovery, and enhancing quality of life?
Prof. He Huang: In the era of modern precision medicine, establishing an integrated care model is critical to improving patient outcomes. At the Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the nursing team plays a central role in our collaborative healthcare network, providing patients with comprehensive support throughout their transplant journey.
At this year’s EBMT conference, our nursing team presented five innovative research projects, addressing some of the most pressing challenges in nursing under the evolving landscape of advanced therapeutic technologies. Of particular note, in the field of CAR-T cell therapy, we emphasized the importance of full-course nursing strategies, showcasing how refined, targeted interventions can facilitate holistic physical and psychological recovery in patients.
Additionally, our team explored precision nursing in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including the application of artificial intelligence tools for enhanced process management, and qualitative studies on sexual health and intimacy among transplant patients. These initiatives combine technological innovation with humanistic care, providing strong support for optimizing the overall effectiveness of transplantation and cellular therapies. They also demonstrate the nursing team’s innovation capacity and professional value in adapting to the challenges of cutting-edge medical treatments.
Looking ahead, our center remains committed to the philosophy of “innovation-driven and patient-centered care.” We aim to further develop a fully integrated service model built on technological advancement and guided by compassionate, humanistic care. Through continuous enhancement of the treatment–nursing–rehabilitation continuum, we strive to deliver high-quality medical care that is both scientifically sound and emotionally supportive, ultimately helping patients achieve improvements in both treatment efficacy and quality of life.
Coming Soon | Nursing Spotlight: From Clinical Technique to Holistic Recovery
In the upcoming Nursing Spotlight series, we will feature frontline clinical nursing teams as they delve into five high-quality studies focused on technical procedures, symptom management optimization, and comprehensive recovery support across the transplant continuum. These presentations reflect the growing integration of scientific rigor and humanistic care in transplant nursing.
Featured Topics and Presenters Include:
- Nurse Shuyi Ding (NG23-03): A Comparative Analysis of Gravity Drip vs. Pump Infusion on CAR-T Cell Viability: Preliminary Observations and Clinical Implications This study investigates how different infusion methods impact the biological activity of CAR-T cells, offering potential insights for optimizing administration protocols.
- Nurse Weiwei Zhou (NG23-05): A Qualitative Study on Sexual Health and Intimacy Among Patients Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation This research highlights the often-overlooked dimensions of post-transplant quality of life, emphasizing the importance of psychological and relational support.
- Nurse Xiaoyu Zhou (NP043): Efficacy of Compound Lysostaphin Mouthwash in Preventing Oral Mucositis in Allogeneic HSCT Recipients: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial This trial evaluates an evidence-based approach to one of the most common and painful complications during transplantation.
- Nurse Xiaoyu Zhou (NP132): Effects of Elastic Band Resistance Training in HSCT Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study Focused on physical rehabilitation, this study explores how resistance exercise can contribute to improved functional outcomes in transplant recovery.
- Nurse Xiaoyu Zhou (NP027): Application of Mobile Health Technology in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Scoping Review This comprehensive review assesses the role of mobile health tools in enhancing patient monitoring, education, and engagement throughout the transplant process.
Stay tuned as we explore how advanced nursing practices are redefining transplant care quality, efficiency, and patient-centered outcomes.
The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Prof. He Huang is a Qiushi Distinguished Professor at Zhejiang University and a Distinguished Expert of Zhejiang Province. He currently serves as Director of the Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center at The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Director of the Institute of Hematology at Zhejiang University, and Director of the Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Center for Stem Cell and Cellular Immunotherapy.
Prof. Huang is a Chief Scientist of China’s National 973 Program, and a key member of the expert panel for the National Key R&D Program for Stem Cell and Translational Research. He also serves as Deputy Chair of the Expert Committee of the China Marrow Donor Program, Executive Member of the Hematology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Vice President of the Asian Cellular Therapy Organization, and Executive Committee Member of the Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (APBMT). Internationally, he is a Member of the Scientific Committee of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), and President of the Zhejiang Immunology Society.
His primary research interests focus on stem cell biology and clinical applications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as cutting-edge technologies and translational research in cellular immunotherapy.
Prof. Huang has twice been awarded the Second Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award (2003, 2015). He has led 27 national projects, including the 973 Program, 863 Program, National Key Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of China, and international cooperation grants. As a corresponding author, he has published 278 SCI-indexed papers in high-impact journals such as New England Journal of Medicine, Nature, Cell Research, and The Lancet Haematology. He holds 21 authorized invention patents and has received 15 provincial or ministerial-level science and technology awards.
In the past five years, Prof. Huang has served over 100 times as session chair, invited speaker, or oral presenter at major international conferences. He is the chief editor of CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy (People’s Medical Publishing House), the first national monograph on CAR-T therapy in China, and co-editor of the national postgraduate textbook Hematology. He has contributed to 11 medical books and textbooks.
He serves on the editorial boards of leading journals in the field, including Bone Marrow Transplantation and Journal of Hematology & Oncology.
Team Profile
Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Founded in the early 1950s, the Department of Hematology at The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine is one of the largest and most comprehensive hematology centers in China. It is known for its extensive clinical capacity, balanced subspecialty development, and strong academic and technical expertise, integrating clinical care, education, and research.
The department is recognized as a National Clinical Key Specialty, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, and a Provincial Key Discipline.
Over the past two decades, the department has experienced rapid and sustained development. Today, it comprises 14 inpatient hematology units distributed across four campuses: Qingchun, Yuhang, Chengzhan, and Zhijiang, with more than 600 hospital beds in total. The department has established eight specialized clinical sub-centers, covering leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), lymphoma, multiple myeloma, coagulopathies, myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and CAR-T therapy.
The department is a national leader in the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly leukemia. Its clinical and translational research focuses on leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and MDS, supported by both provincial and national-level laboratories. With an extensive multi-tiered medical collaboration network, the department has completed over 50 clinical studies involving novel drugs and treatment strategies, laying a solid foundation for high-level, multicenter clinical and translational research.
Research findings have been published in top-tier international journals, including Lancet Oncology, Cell, Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO), Blood, Leukemia, Haematologica, and EBioMedicine.
The department actively engages in international collaboration with institutions such as City of Hope National Medical Center (USA), University of Cincinnati (USA), and Kiel University (Germany). It has been recognized by the MDS Foundation as a Center of Excellence, and established a China–U.S. Hematologic Oncology Collaborative Laboratory.
