In an insightful interview, Dr. Gamal Amira, a leading figure in Egyptian oncology, sheds light on the status of ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment in Egypt. His expertise offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges and advancements in this field.
Comprehensive Cancer Treatment Infrastructure in Egypt
Dr. Amira highlights Egypt’s extensive network for cancer care, including prominent institutions like the National Cancer Institute and South Egypt Cancer Institute, alongside 12 other specialized centers. This network underscores Egypt’s commitment to providing comprehensive cancer treatment.
Ovarian Cancer Statistics and Challenges
Ovarian cancer, representing about 2% of all malignancies in Egypt, poses significant diagnostic challenges. In 2021, approximately 2,600 cases were reported, paralleling the prevalence of endometrial carcinoma. Dr. Amira points out the difficulty in early detection, as symptoms are often non-specific, leading to late-stage diagnoses.
Diagnosis and Symptoms
Most ovarian cancer cases present late due to vague symptoms like abdominal discomfort, a consequence of ascites or malignant growths. This late presentation is a critical issue, with about 80% of cases diagnosed in advanced stages.
Referral and Diagnostic Process
Patients typically reach specialized centers through referrals from gynecologic surgeons or abdominal physicians. At these centers, comprehensive investigations, including radiology and lab tests, are conducted to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment Approach and Decision Making
Dr. Amira describes a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, involving a committee that reviews each case to determine the optimal treatment, which might include chemotherapy or surgery. Post-surgery, further treatment is guided by pathology and molecular pathology findings.
HIPEC in Ovarian Cancer Treatment
Heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a notable, though controversial, treatment modality used in ovarian cancer in Egypt. Its effectiveness, particularly in comparison to traditional chemotherapy, is debated, with some centers questioning its benefits.
HIPEC Availability and Studies in Egypt
Egypt has eight HIPEC machines, with the first installed at the National Cancer Institute in 2011. A recent study on HIPEC’s efficacy indicated a lower incidence of neurotoxic side effects but did not show significant benefits in terms of progression-free or overall survival, possibly due to the small study size.
Dr. Gamal Amira’s insights provide a valuable perspective on the current state of ovarian cancer treatment in Egypt. Despite challenges like late diagnosis and ongoing debates over treatments like HIPEC, Egypt’s healthcare system shows a strong commitment to advancing cancer care. Continuous research and development in this field are crucial for improving patient outcomes in ovarian cancer.
